RCA, ASA, CGP, CSGA, CSPWC (1906-1980). Born in Calgary, Alberta, he was largely a self-taught painter, printmaker and architect and is considered, along with W.L. Stevenson, an innovator of Expressionism in Canada. He went to England in 1931 and after the war returned to Calgary where he was associated with Jock MacDonald. He then went to New York and studied with Max Beckmann and Abraham Rattner at the Brooklyn Museum Art School (1949-50). Strongly influenced by such artists as Klee, Rouault, Kokoschka, and Picasso, his landscapes and figure studies also express his interest in the Japanese culture. Many of his street scenes, landscapes, still life and figure paintings are Romantic in nature. He retired to Victoria in 1962 and, while severely handicapped by ill-health towards the end of his life, nevertheless continued to paint right up to his death.